Pulp-beating apparatus.



R. MARX.

PULP BEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21. 1-912.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

/?0b@/41f Mam.

' Inventor (A) a L 6/ Attorney a efficiency alsonecessitates, in addition to the ROBERT MARX, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

PULP-HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

Application filed November 21, 1912. Serial No. 732,618.

T 0 all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, ROBERT MARX, a c1t1- zen of Great Britain,'and residing in London, London county, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n Pulp-Beating Apparatus, of which the fol: lowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in pulpbeating apparatus for use in the manufacture of paper, wool pulp and the like, and the main object of the invention is to produce a very efficient and durable beating device at a comparatively low cost, and which will produce a more uniform quantity of paper stock than has heretofore been possi- It has been customary in pulp beating apparatus to employ a rotating cylinder coacting with a suitable stationary bed-plate, the material to be treated passing between these members and being subjected in its passage to the action of cutting blades or edges formed on or inserted in the cylinder and bed-plate or any one of them. A usual construction has consisted in the insertion of blades or cutting bars of steel, bronze or the like placed at intervals around the'periphery of the rotating cylinder, sometimes set at an angle to the axis of the cylinder; and of similar bladesor bars in the bed-plate also set at an angle but in the reverse direction, so that the joint action of these two sets of blades has resulted in a more or less efiicient cutting effect upon the material to be treated. These blades or bars are open to objection from various points of view: for example, they require sharpening at comparatively frequent intervals and are liableto become damaged and broken in use.. Accordingly, it has been proposed to provide the periphery of the rotating cylinder with segments of a porous metal, stone (such as basaltic lava) or other porous material, in which grooves or recesses of various shapes are, formed with the object of providing cutting edges, usually adapted to coast with similar-grooves in the bed-plate. It is evident that the formation of such grooves must increase the initial cost of the segments and that their maintenance in a state of outlay, interruption of work of the apparatus and loss of time. Further, the walls of the groves are liable to break away, during operations, while the grooves themselues tend to fill upand thereby; doonot accomplish the purpose for which they are intended.

My invention consists in the employment in a beater roll of the type referred to of segments of basaltic lava, porous metal or other porous material in conjunction with a bed-plate of similar material, the working surfaces of which segments and bed-plates are plain or uniform, in the sense that they are not provided with grooves, ridges or the like. All points on the working surfaces of the segments, which may be separated in the circumferential direction by transporting gaps of any convenient width, lie at approximately equal radial distances from the central longitudinal axis of the roll, and in the same way, all points of the working surface of the bed-plate may be approximately equidstant from such central axis, although somewhat farther therefrom than the working surfaces of the segments, the distance between the two working surfaces depending upon the nature of the material to be treated and the effect desired to be produced.

The working surface of the bed-plate might,

if desired, take the form in cross section of an arc of a circle struck from a center situated slightly above the central axis of the roll,-

or the central axis of suchsurface might be slightly in front of the central axis of the roll, so that the rawmaterial to be treated is gradually brought into closer contact with the Working surfaces as it is carried around by the rotation of the roll. In'every case,

however, the working surfaces between which the raw material passes are plain or nongrooved, andI find that the action of such;

plain surfaces is quite as efficient as or even more efficient than that of the grooved surfaces, knives or bars heretofore employed while of course the manufacture and upkeep are cheaper and simpler.

the roll of a beating engine; 2, a drum fast thereon; 3, longitudinally extending recesses in the periphery of the drum; l, segments 7 eminently successful.

extending parallel with each other longitudinally of the drum and having portions seated in the recesses 3 and secured firmly therein by any suitable means, as, for instance, cement;' 5, pins passing through the.

ends of the drum at the ends of the recesses segments, this surface being concentric with v the axis of the shaft and being entirely unbroken in continuity except as resulting; from the spaces 7 between the segments and,

of course, by the texture of the material; 9, the bed-plate disposed below the roll and having a concaveupper surface cooperating with the periphery of the segments of the roll; 10, a segment illustrated as being wider than the other segments of the series and typifying a modification of construction in which one segment takes the place of a plurality of narrow segments;. 11., a groove extending, longitudinally of the wide segment 10 and serving to divide the surface of that wide segment into two narrower segmental surfaces, this groove performing, in relation to the segmental surfaces flanking it, the same ofiice as is performed by the spaces 7 between the narrow segments; and 12, a center in advance of and above the center of the shaft.

The segments and the bed-plate are to be formed of'an open-grained or porous hard material such as porous or spongy metal or basaltic lava, my preference being for the basaltic lava which in practice has proven The peripheral surfaces of the segments are unbroken in continuity except, of course, by the texture of the material itself, in other words, the peripheral surfaces of the segments are quite without cutting grooves or the like. The

- spaces between the segmental surfaces serve to carry the material being d alt with into the range of action between the roll and the bed-plate, and the action'i of the roll cooperating with the bed-plate consists of drawing'or brushing the fibers out into long and fine filaments rendering possible the production of a sheet better felted and more uniform in both directions and of greater strength than is obtainable from pulp beaten in an ordinary beater. The action of the beater makes the stuff greasy (in the language of the British paper maker) or fslow, (in the language of the American paper maker) at an extraordinary speed of production so that such papers as imitation parchment, grease proof, and the like, can have their pulps produced in from one-- tion of my heater to first convert it into halfstuff in an, ordinar beater. Papers containing mechanical or chemical wood pulp, as esparto, broke, or waste paper, can be very much cheapened by employing the pulp beaten in my improved engine since the percentage of cheaper surrogates can be considerably increased without adversely influencing the quality of the paper.

My invention is quite independent of the particular means set forth for securing the segments in the drum. The concavity of the upper surface of the bed-plate may, if desired, be in a curve'struck from the center of the roll, or itmay be in a curve struck from a point directly above the center of the roll in which case the working spaces be-. tween the roll and the bed-plate, when the roll turns in the direction of the arrow will gradually narrow till the point directly below the center of the roll is reached after which it gradually widens, or the curve may be struck from a point in advance of the center of the roll in which case the working spaces gradually narrow from beginning to end. In the illustration I have shown the curve as being struck from a point in advance of the center of the roll and above the horizontal plane of the center of the roll. The relationship of the curvature of the concave face of the bed-plate to the periphcry of the roll may advantageously be varied when dealing with different .materials, but the form set forth has been found to be eminently satisfactory in dealing with the materials heretofore mentioned. in my beating engine there is not only an avoidance of the cutting action upon the fibers,

as before explained, with an enormous increase in beating capacity, but the rolls have large effective working surfaces, serving to prolong the life of the roll and maintain its efiiciency for a very considerable period,

without the necessity for giving the working surfaces any attention whatever.

By this invention no retrimming of the segments and bed-plate is required, and the risk of breakage and cost of'production and maintenance are reduced while the life of the roll is prolonged. Furthermore, by this invention 1 insure a more uniform treatment of the paper stock, than is possible with grooved rolls. In the latter, during the first part of the heating process and until the grooves are filled up, the action is to some extent a cutting one. The result is that part of the stock is subjected to this cutting action, While the other part (that is the part that reaches the roll after the grooves are filled up) is only subjected to a brushing out process. In other Words, the stock does not receive uniform treatment, and this naturally deteriorates its quality. In the present invention, as there are no grooves to fill up, larger effective working surfaces are obtained Which retain their efficiency for a considerable period and require no attention.

Although I have described the beater roll segments as located parallel with the axis thereof it will be obvious that these segments may be placed at an angle to such axis Without departing from the spirit of this invention. Furthermore, this invention may be applied to heaters or similar apparatus such as is used for refining or treating ground wood, sulfite and the like, or in fact to all paper making apparatus of a similar type comprising one or more revolving rolls, or cores each acting in conjunction with one or more stationary bed-plates.

I claim 1. In a beating engine, a heater roll provided with a series of separated segments of hard porous material, the periphery of the beater roll being uninterrupted except by the spaces between the segments, the Width of the segments being approximately double that of the said spaces, and an opposing bed plate, adapted to cooperate with the roll and having an uninterrupted concave Working surface.

2. In a beating engine, a beater roll provided with a series of separated segments of substantial Width and formed of hard porous material, the periphery of the beater roll being uninterrupted except by the spaces between the segments, and an opposing bed plate adapted to cooperate with the roll and having an uninterrupted concave Working surface in the form of a curve struck from a center located at one side of the vertical plane of the axis of the roll.

3. In a beating engine, a opposingbed-plate adapted to cooperate with the'roll and having a concave Working surface in the form ofa curve struck from a center located in front of the [vertical plane of the axis of the roll. ROBERT MARX.

Witnesses H. V. PUMFREY, HERBERT D; JAMESON.

beater roll, an i 

